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石棉筛分车间粉尘质量浓度分布规律的数值模拟

时间:2022-04-28 16:50:06 浏览次数:


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摘 要:为了掌握石棉选矿厂筛分车间内部粉尘随时间和空间运移的规律,获取通风除尘优化的参数,以茫崖石棉矿第一选矿厂筛分车间为研究背景,依据气固两相流理论,采用计算机流体力学的离散相(DPM)模型对筛分车间粉尘浓度分布规律数值模拟,并与现场粉尘浓度实测数据比较分析,模拟结果和实测数据相吻合.研究结果表明:筛分设备附近粉尘浓度较高,以筛分设备为中心随着距离增加粉尘浓度降低;捕集边界下粉尘浓度比反弹边界较低,粉尘捕集效果更好;筛分车间进风风速控制在 0.6 m/s左右时,粉尘沉降效果较好;安装抽风集尘罩后,主抽风管风速为 14 m/s时,平均控尘效率达到90%,石棉纤维浓度控制在2.52 f/mL以下.

关键词:石棉筛分车间;粉尘浓度;运移规律;离散相;数值模拟

中图分类号:X964 文献标志码:A

Numerical Simulation of Dust Mass Concentration Distribution inScreening Workshop of Asbestos Concentrator

JIANG Zhongan1,DENG Quanlong1,SHI Xunxian2,CHEN Jushi1

(1.Key Laboratory of Minitry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine,University ofScience and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;

2.Institute of Industrial Safety,China Academy of Safety Science & Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

Abstract:In order to master the regularities of dust movement with time and space in the screening workshop of asbestos concentrator and obtain the optimized parameters of dust removal by ventilation,screening workshop of No. 1 concentrator in Mangya Asbestos Mine was considered as the research background. Based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow,the discrete phase model (DPM) of computational fluid mechanics was used to simulate the dust concentration in screening workshop. By comparing with field measurement of dust concentration distribution,simulation results are essentially coincident with the measured data. The results indicate that the dust concentration near the screening equipment is higher,and the value decreases as the distance from the screening equipment increases. The dust concentration is lower under trap wall condition than the reflect,and the dust trapping effect is better. The dust settling effect is better when the inlet wind speed is about 0.6 m/s. When the exhaust dust cover is installed and the wind speed of main exhaust pipes is maintained at 14 m/s,the average dust-removal efficiency can reach 90%,and the asbestos fiber concentration can be controlled below 2.52 f/mL.

Key words:asbestos screening workshop; dust concentration; migration regularity; discrete phase; numerical simulation

石棉因其具有独特的耐腐蚀性、隔热性和强抗拉性等优良特性,广泛应用于航天、船舶、消防、特殊制造等领域[1-2].国内石棉矿产资源丰富,工业使用量较大,2014年使用量达到50万吨.近几年欧美、德国、日本等国家禁止生产含石棉成分的产品;国内采取全面禁止使用青石棉,安全使用温石棉的方针[3].石棉在开采、选矿、加工等过程容易产生粉尘,污染新鲜空气,威胁作业人员的健康,特别是粉尘含有微细纤维,人体器官组织吸入后易附着和沉降,导致石棉肺、肺癌、间皮瘤等疾病[4-6].筛分作业作为选矿工艺中重要的工序,主要采用振动筛分设备,通过网筛不停的振动,分离粒径大于网筛孔径的块石,由于网筛循环的震荡,致使矿石表面的粉尘扬起,扩散到车间污染空气.目前,国内外对粉尘控制研究主要采用理论分析、相似实验、数值模拟等方法研究粉尘浓度分布规律.国内学者的研究主要集中在矿山作业面 [7-8],在石棉筛分车间粉尘方面的研究较少.国外学者在工业粉尘控制做了一定的研究,例如Silvester等[9]針对压碎破碎设备车间粉尘控制,通过计算流体动力学软件预测车间粉尘分布;Constance[10]分别对稀释通风和局部通风两种控尘措施的优缺点进行概述.本文针对石棉筛分车间建立几何模型,通过数值模拟车间不同条件下粉尘的运移规律,结合现场实测数据,获得筛分车间最优通风控尘参数,指导现场控尘改造,对于保障作业人员身体健康有重要意义.

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