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从黄土灾害链看溃决型泥石流形成

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Abstract:The aeolian soils in southern Xinjiang concentrated at 2 500~4 000 m height on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains are mostly gray-yellow silt or loess-like soils due to their newly occurrence,short migration distance and weak soil formation.Yecheng 7.6 debris flow event provides a rare case for disclose the mechanism of geohazard chain in loess,which has been paid more and more attention in recent years.It was found that the event began with the development of arc tension cracks at the high slope for 10~15 years.Short-term rainstorm induced damage,resulted in shallow long-distance landslides,blocked rivers and became dammed lakes,and caused outburst debris flow and afterwards floods in the downstream.The mechanism of loess geohazard chain within Kekeya Town revealed in this paper is more common in South Xinjiang, or it can be called Yecheng Model.It is also found that the sudden slope failure is in the form of landslide rather than soil erosion, because the thickness of eolian soil on the high slopes in middle and high mountain areas is generally less than 20 m,and the distance between the foot of the slope and the scoured side-eroded river bed is limited.This paper studies and explains the causes of outburst debris flow in the gully and sudden flood in the lower reaches of the next day:formation of barrier lakes in the upper and middle reaches,delayed outburst of the landslide dam,instantaneous debris flow and afterwards floods.

Key words:Geohazard chain;Yecheng;Eolian soil;Freeze thawing;Rainstorm

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