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摘 要：以碱木质素为原料，按照其与NaOH质量比（简称碳碱比）1∶1、1∶3、1∶5进行混合，利用实验室小型管式炉热裂解制备碱木质素基多孔炭材料，对多孔炭材料进行了场发射扫描电子显微镜、粒径、有机元素和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析;并采用自制碱木质素基多孔炭材料制备超级电容器，通过循环伏安测试和恒流充放电测试分析其电化学性能。结果表明，碱木质素基多孔炭材料形貌都呈球状或半球状，有大量孔结构，表面粗糙有起伏，碳碱比从1∶1变化到1∶5，平均粒径分布逐渐减小。碳碱比为1∶1时，碱木质素基多孔炭材料制备的超级电容器电化学性能最优，随着电流密度从0.1 A/g增加到1 A/g，其比电容从71 F/g下降到62 F/g，下降13%左右;在1 A/g的超大电流密度下充放电循环500次，比电容依然维持在62 F/g，循环性能良好。
关键词：碱木质素;多孔炭材料;超级电容器;比电容
中图分类号：TS761.2
文献标识码：A
DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254 508X.2019.06.008
Preparation of Alkali Lignin based Porous Carbon Material and Its Application in Supercapacitors
YUAN Kangshuai1 GUO Daliang1，2 ZHANG Ziming1 GUO Yunpu1 ZOU Cheng1 XUE Guoxin1，*
（1. College of Materials and Textiles， Zhejiang Sci Tech University， Hangzhou， Zhejiang Province， 310018;
2.School of Environmental and Natural Resource， Zhejiang University of Science and Technology， Hangzhou， Zhejiang Province， 310023）
（*E mail： xueguoxin@126.com）
Abstract：In this paper， the porous carbon materials were prepared by pyrolyzing alkali lignin with sodium hydroxide according to the carbon base ratio of 1∶1，1∶3，1∶5 in a laboratory tube furnace. And the porous carbon material was analyzed by ESEM， particle size analyzer， organic element analyzer and infrared spectrum.Supercapacitors were prepared using alkali lignin porous carbon materials， and their electrochemical performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The results showed that the morphology of the alkali lignin based porous carbon materials were spherical or hemispherical， with a large number of pore structures， and rough surface. However， as the carbon base ratio increasing from 1∶1 to 1∶5， the average particle size distribution gradually decreased. When the carbon base ratio was 1∶1， the supercapacitor had the best electrical performance. As the current density increases from 0.1 A/g to 1 A/g， the specific capacitance decreased from 71 F/g to 62 F/g， which decreased about 13%. The specific capacitance was still maintained at 62 F/g when it circulated 500 times at an ultra high current density of 1 A/g， its cycle performance was good.
Key words：alkali lignin; porous carbon material; supercapacitor; specific capacitance
隨着现代工业的发展，不可再生资源的消耗量日益增加，能源危机迫在眉睫[1 3]，发展可持续、低成本、清洁高效的新能源以及能源存储和转换技术成为了研究热点[4 5]。各种储能系统中，应用最广泛的是电化学能量储能系统，其中超级电容器因循环寿命长、充放电时间短、比电容大等受到研究者们的广泛关注[6 7]，在军事、航天、新能源汽车、智能仪表等诸多领域有广泛的应用前景[8 9]。目前，以多孔炭材料为电极材料制成的碳基超级电容器应用最广泛[10 11]。